The Role of Consumption Patterns and Physical Activity in Obesity

Oct 13, 2025 by miodeya.com 111 views

Introduction

Obesity is a growing health concern in Indonesia, with a significant increase in prevalence over the past few years. According to data from Basic Health Research (Riskesdas), the prevalence of obesity in Indonesia rose from 15.4% in 2013 to 21.8% in 2018. In North Sumatra Province, this figure even reached 25.8%. The Indonesian government has set a target to reduce obesity to 21.8% by 2024, as stated in the 2020-2024 RPJMN. However, the current situation in North Sumatra shows a difference of 4%, indicating a serious problem that needs to be addressed.

The Role of Consumption Patterns and Physical Activity in Obesity

Poor consumption patterns, such as consuming high-fat, sugar, and calorie foods, combined with low physical activity, especially for those who work in a sedentary position, can increase the risk of obesity. Bank employees, who often spend more than seven hours a day sitting in front of the computer, are particularly vulnerable to this condition. This study aims to analyze the effect of consumption patterns and physical activity on the incidence of obesity in Indonesian State Bank employees (BNI) in Medan.

Methodology

The study was conducted in February 2023 using a case-control research design. Obesity data was obtained through anthropometric measurements, while consumption patterns were collected through semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires and physical activity data was obtained from a questionnaire on the level of physical activity. The research sample consisted of 150 respondents, consisting of 50 case respondents and 100 control respondents. Data analysis was carried out using the Chi-Square test and multiple logistics regression.

Results

The analysis results show that there is a significant effect between energy intake (ρ = 0.001, OR = 6.6), carbohydrate intake (ρ = 0.001, OR = 11.3), protein intake (ρ = 0.001, OR = 4.1), Fat intake (ρ = 0.001, OR = 4.14), and physical activity (ρ = 0.001, OR = 4.1) for the incidence of obesity. However, the consumption frequency (ρ = 1,000, OR = 0.954) and the type of food (ρ = 1,000, OR = 0.961) had no significant effect on the incidence of obesity.

Multiple Logistics Regression Analysis

The results of multiple logistics regression tests show that the most dominant variable affecting the incidence of obesity is the intake of carbohydrates (ρ = 0.001, OR = 7.9). This study concluded that both consumption patterns and physical activity had a significant impact on the incidence of obesity in bank employees in Medan.

Conclusion

Seeing the results of this study, there are several things that need to be considered by bank employees and the general public. First, it is essential to maintain a healthy consumption pattern by reducing excessive carbohydrate intake and choosing more nutritious food. Second, increasing the level of physical activity is very necessary to maintain a healthy body and prevent obesity. Including physical activity in a daily routine, although only in the form of walking or mild exercise, can have a positive impact on health.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Bank employees should be aware of the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular physical activity.
The management of BNI should provide a healthy work environment, including access to healthy food options and opportunities for physical activity.
The general public should be educated on the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle to prevent obesity and other related health problems.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

The sample size was relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
The study only focused on bank employees in Medan, which may not be representative of the broader population.
The study did not control for other potential confounding variables that may affect the incidence of obesity.

Future Research Directions

Future research should aim to:

Investigate the effect of consumption patterns and physical activity on obesity in other populations, such as office workers or students.
Examine the impact of other factors, such as stress and sleep quality, on the incidence of obesity.
Develop and evaluate interventions aimed at promoting healthy consumption patterns and physical activity in the workplace.

References

Riskesdas (2018). Basic Health Research 2018.
Indonesian Government (2020). RPJMN 2020-2024.
World Health Organization (2018). Obesity and overweight.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020). Obesity and physical activity.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Effect of Consumption Patterns and Physical Activity on Obesity in Bank Employees in Medan =====================================================================================================================

Q: What is the main objective of this study?

A: The main objective of this study is to analyze the effect of consumption patterns and physical activity on the incidence of obesity in Indonesian State Bank employees (BNI) in Medan.

Q: What are the key findings of this study?

A: The key findings of this study are that there is a significant effect between energy intake, carbohydrate intake, protein intake, fat intake, and physical activity on the incidence of obesity. However, the consumption frequency and the type of food have no significant effect on the incidence of obesity.

Q: What is the most dominant variable affecting the incidence of obesity?

A: The most dominant variable affecting the incidence of obesity is the intake of carbohydrates, with a significant effect of 7.9 times.

Q: What are the recommendations based on the findings of this study?

A: The recommendations based on the findings of this study are:

Bank employees should be aware of the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular physical activity.
The management of BNI should provide a healthy work environment, including access to healthy food options and opportunities for physical activity.
The general public should be educated on the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle to prevent obesity and other related health problems.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The limitations of this study are:

The sample size was relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
The study only focused on bank employees in Medan, which may not be representative of the broader population.
The study did not control for other potential confounding variables that may affect the incidence of obesity.

Q: What are the future research directions based on the findings of this study?

A: The future research directions based on the findings of this study are:

Investigate the effect of consumption patterns and physical activity on obesity in other populations, such as office workers or students.
Examine the impact of other factors, such as stress and sleep quality, on the incidence of obesity.
Develop and evaluate interventions aimed at promoting healthy consumption patterns and physical activity in the workplace.

Q: What are the implications of this study for public health policy?

A: The implications of this study for public health policy are:

The government should implement policies to promote healthy consumption patterns and physical activity in the workplace.
The government should provide education and awareness programs to promote healthy lifestyles and prevent obesity.
The government should invest in research and development of interventions aimed at promoting healthy consumption patterns and physical activity in the workplace.

Q: What are the implications of this study for individuals?

A: The implications of this study for individuals are:

Individuals should be aware of the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular physical activity.
Individuals should make informed choices about their consumption patterns and physical activity levels.
Individuals should seek professional help if they are struggling with obesity or other related health problems.

Q: What are the implications of this study for employers?

A: The implications of this study for employers are:

Employers should provide a healthy work environment, including access to healthy food options and opportunities for physical activity.
Employers should promote healthy consumption patterns and physical activity among employees.
Employers should invest in research and development of interventions aimed at promoting healthy consumption patterns and physical activity in the workplace.