The Molecule of Sodium Phosphate

Oct 13, 2025 by miodeya.com 68 views

Introduction

Sodium phosphate, also known as sodium phosphate dodecahydrate, is a chemical compound with the formula Na3PO4. It is a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. In this article, we will explore the composition of sodium phosphate and determine the number of atoms of each element present in a given quantity of the compound.

The Molecule of Sodium Phosphate

The molecule of sodium phosphate consists of three sodium atoms (Na), one phosphorus atom (P), and four oxygen atoms (O). The chemical formula of sodium phosphate is Na3PO4, which indicates that for every one phosphorus atom, there are three sodium atoms and four oxygen atoms.

Calculating the Number of Atoms in a Given Quantity

To calculate the number of atoms of each element present in a given quantity of sodium phosphate, we need to use the concept of stoichiometry. Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions.

In this case, we are given a quantity of sodium phosphate represented by the formula $$4 Na_3 PO_4$$. This means that we have four molecules of sodium phosphate, each with a composition of three sodium atoms, one phosphorus atom, and four oxygen atoms.

Breaking Down the Quantity

To determine the number of atoms of each element present in the given quantity, we need to break down the quantity into its individual components. Let's start by calculating the number of sodium atoms present in the quantity.

Sodium Atoms: Since each molecule of sodium phosphate contains three sodium atoms, and we have four molecules, the total number of sodium atoms present in the quantity is:
- 4 molecules x 3 sodium atoms/molecule = 12 sodium atoms

Next, let's calculate the number of phosphorus atoms present in the quantity.

Phosphorus Atoms: Since each molecule of sodium phosphate contains one phosphorus atom, and we have four molecules, the total number of phosphorus atoms present in the quantity is:
- 4 molecules x 1 phosphorus atom/molecule = 4 phosphorus atoms

Finally, let's calculate the number of oxygen atoms present in the quantity.

Oxygen Atoms: Since each molecule of sodium phosphate contains four oxygen atoms, and we have four molecules, the total number of oxygen atoms present in the quantity is:
- 4 molecules x 4 oxygen atoms/molecule = 16 oxygen atoms

Conclusion

In conclusion, the number of atoms of each element present in the given quantity of sodium phosphate is:

12 sodium atoms
4 phosphorus atoms
16 oxygen atoms

Therefore, the correct answer is D. 12 sodium, 4 phosphorus, 16 oxygen.

Key Takeaways

The molecule of sodium phosphate consists of three sodium atoms, one phosphorus atom, and four oxygen atoms.
To calculate the number of atoms of each element present in a given quantity of sodium phosphate, we need to use the concept of stoichiometry.
The total number of sodium atoms present in the quantity is 12.
The total number of phosphorus atoms present in the quantity is 4.
The total number of oxygen atoms present in the quantity is 16.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Sodium Phosphate =============================================================

Q: What is sodium phosphate?

A: Sodium phosphate, also known as sodium phosphate dodecahydrate, is a chemical compound with the formula Na3PO4. It is a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water.

Q: What is the composition of sodium phosphate?

A: The molecule of sodium phosphate consists of three sodium atoms (Na), one phosphorus atom (P), and four oxygen atoms (O). The chemical formula of sodium phosphate is Na3PO4, which indicates that for every one phosphorus atom, there are three sodium atoms and four oxygen atoms.

Q: How is sodium phosphate used in everyday life?

A: Sodium phosphate is used in a variety of applications, including:

Food industry: Sodium phosphate is used as a food additive to preserve meat and prevent spoilage.
Pharmaceutical industry: Sodium phosphate is used as an excipient in some medications to help them dissolve in water.
Water treatment: Sodium phosphate is used to remove impurities from water and improve its quality.

Q: What are the benefits of sodium phosphate?

A: Sodium phosphate has several benefits, including:

Preservation of food: Sodium phosphate helps to prevent the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms in food, extending its shelf life.
Improved water quality: Sodium phosphate helps to remove impurities from water, making it safer for drinking.
Excipient in medications: Sodium phosphate helps medications to dissolve in water, making them easier to take.

Q: What are the potential risks of sodium phosphate?

A: While sodium phosphate is generally considered safe, there are some potential risks to be aware of, including:

Overuse: Excessive use of sodium phosphate can lead to an imbalance of electrolytes in the body.
Allergic reactions: Some people may be allergic to sodium phosphate, which can cause an allergic reaction.
Interactions with medications: Sodium phosphate can interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners, and reduce their effectiveness.

Q: How is sodium phosphate produced?

A: Sodium phosphate is produced through a process called electrolysis, where sodium chloride (table salt) is dissolved in water and then subjected to an electric current. This process separates the sodium and chloride ions, resulting in sodium phosphate.

Q: What are the different types of sodium phosphate?

A: There are several types of sodium phosphate, including:

Sodium phosphate monobasic: This is the most common type of sodium phosphate, with the formula NaH2PO4.
Sodium phosphate dibasic: This type of sodium phosphate has the formula Na2HPO4.
Sodium phosphate tribasic: This type of sodium phosphate has the formula Na3PO4.

Q: Can sodium phosphate be used as a fertilizer?

A: Yes, sodium phosphate can be used as a fertilizer to promote plant growth and improve soil quality. However, it is essential to use it in moderation, as excessive use can lead to an imbalance of nutrients in the soil.

Q: Is sodium phosphate safe for the environment?

A: Sodium phosphate is generally considered safe for the environment, as it is biodegradable and non-toxic. However, it is essential to use it in moderation and follow proper disposal procedures to prevent any potential harm to the environment.

Conclusion

In conclusion, sodium phosphate is a versatile chemical compound with a wide range of applications. While it has several benefits, there are also some potential risks to be aware of. By understanding the composition, production, and uses of sodium phosphate, we can better appreciate its importance in our daily lives.