Prithvi Se International Space Station Ki Doori: Ek Vistar Se Jaankari

Nov 14, 2025 by miodeya.com 80 views

Prithvi Se International Space Station Ki Doori: Ek Vistar Se Jaankari

Kya aapne kabhi socha hai ki hamari pyaari dharti se International Space Station (ISS) kitni door hai? Yeh sawal kai logon ke man mein uthta hai, jo antariksh aur usmein ho rahe manav prayason ke prati dilchaspi rakhte hain. Prithvi se International Space Station ki doori koi ek nishchit aankda nahi hai, balki yeh sthir rahne ke bajaye lagatar badalti rehti hai. ISS, ek tezi se gati karne wala manav nirmit yantra hai jo lagatar hamari dharti ke charon or parikrama kar raha hai. Iske karan, dharti aur ISS ke beech ki duri mein nirantar parivartan hota rehta hai. Is lekh mein hum is anokhe sambandh ko vistar se samajhne ka prayas karenge, jismein hum is doori ke pichhe ke vaigyanik siddhanton, iske mahatva aur astronauts ke anubhavon par bhi prakash dalenge. Hum dekhenge ki kaise yeh “ghatati-badhti” doori hamare liye mahatvapurna hai aur antariksh mein manav ki upastithi ko darshati hai.

Samjhein ISS Ki Parikrama Aur Duriyon Ka Khel

Prithvi se International Space Station ki doori ko thik se samajhne ke liye, pehle yeh jaanna zaroori hai ki ISS kis tarah hamari dharti ke charon or parikrama karta hai. ISS ek low Earth orbit (LEO) mein sthit hai, jiska matlab hai ki yeh prithvi ki satah se ek nishchit oonchai par aur ek nishchit gati se parikrama karta hai. Iski parikrama ki oonchai lagbhag 400 kilometer (lagbhag 250 miles) hai. Lekin, jaise ki pehle bataya gaya hai, yeh oonchai sthir nahi rehti. ISS ko apni parikrama ko banaye rakhne ke liye samay-samay par prerit (boost) karna padta hai. Iska karan hai prithvi ke vayumandal ke upari paraton se hone wala khichav (drag), jo iski gati ko dhire-dhire kam karta hai. Jab yeh khichav badh jata hai, to ISS ki oonchai kam hone lagti hai. Is samasya se nipatne ke liye, samay-samay par ISS ko prerit kiya jata hai, jisase yeh wapas apni nirdharit oonchai par pahunch jata hai. Is prakriya ke chalte, prithvi se ISS ki doori 400 kilometer ke aas-pas banaye rakhi jati hai, lekin yah kabhi-kabhi isse kuch kilometer upar ya niche ho sakti hai. Yeh ek pratishat khel hai jahan gurutvakarshan, vayumandal ka khichav aur propulsion systems milkar ISS ko uski kachcha mein sthir rakhte hain.

ISS ki gati bhi iske parikraman ka ek mahatvapurna hissa hai. Yeh lagbhag 28,000 kilometer prati ghanta (lagbhag 17,500 miles prati ghanta) ki raftaar se yatra karta hai. Is raftaar ke karan, ISS lagbhag 90 minute mein ek baar prithvi ka parikrama poora kar leta hai. Iska matlab hai ki astronauts lagbhag har dedh ghante mein ek suryoday aur suryast ka anubhav karte hain. Jab hum prithvi se International Space Station ki doori par vichar karte hain, to yeh samajhna mahatvapurna hai ki yah doori, yadi seedhi rekha mein naapi jaye, to hamare liye kalpana karna kathin hai. Kahi adhik mahatvapurna iska parikraman aur iske peeche ka vaigyanik sthirta hai. ISS ka yahan hona hamare liye antariksh ke adhyayan aur sansadhanon ke vikas ke liye ek anmol avasar pradan karta hai.

Vaigyanik Siddhant Jo Duriyon Ko Nirdharit Karte Hain

Jab hum prithvi se International Space Station ki doori par baat karte hain, to iske peeche kayi mahatvapurna vaigyanik siddhant kaam karte hain. Mukhyatah, yeh Newton ke gurutvakarshan ke niyam aur Kepler ke grahon ki gati ke niyamon par adharit hai. ISS ek nishchit oonchai par isliye bana rehta hai kyunki uski gehri gati use prithvi ke gurutvakarshan se bhatakne nahi deti, aur yahi gurutvakarshan use girne nahi deta. Yeh ek santulan hai. Yadi ISS ki gati kam ho jati, to prithvi ka gurutvakarshan use apni or khinch leta aur vah vayumandal mein gir jata. Iske vipreet, yadi uski gati bahut zyada ho jati, to vah prithvi ke gurutvakarshan se bahar nikal kar antariksh mein kho jata. ISS ko “girne” se bachane ke liye, use lagatar ek nishchit gati se chalate rehna padta hai, jisse ki jab vah prithvi ki or gurutvakarshan ke karan jhukta hai, to prithvi ki vaktav (curvature) ke karan vah uske samakaksh teji se aage badhta rehta hai, aur is tarah vah hamari satah se ek nishchit doori par bani rehti hai. Yeh ek pratishat sthirta ka sargam hai.

ISS ki parikrama ko banaye rakhne mein vayumandal ka prabhav bhi ek mahatvapurna bhumika nibhata hai. Jabki ISS 400 kilometer ki oonchai par hai, jo ki vayumandal kaafi patla hota hai, fir bhi wahan kuch gas ke anu maujood hote hain. Ye anu ISS ke motors par ek halka sa khichav dalte hain, jise hum “orbital drag” kahte hain. Is khichav ke karan, ISS ki gati dheere-dheere kam hoti hai aur uski oonchai bhi kam hone lagti hai. Is samasya ko door karne ke liye, ISS mein samay-samay par propulsion engines ka istemal karke uski gati aur oonchai ko badhaya jata hai. Yeh preran (boosting) samanyatah uchh yaan (cargo spacecraft) dwara kiya jata hai, jo ISS ko fuel pahunchate hain aur saath hi uski oonchai ko bhi theek karte hain. Yeh prakriya prithvi se International Space Station ki doori ko ek nishchit seema mein rakhti hai, jo ki uske karyakalan aur astronauts ki suraksha ke liye avashyak hai. Antariksh mein is prakar ki sthirta kayam rakhna ek jatil vaigyanik chunauti hai, jise har din safaltapoorvak poora kiya ja raha hai.

ISS Ki Oonchai Ka Mahatva Astronauton Ke Liye

Jab hum prithvi se International Space Station ki doori ki baat karte hain, to yah sirf ek sankhyatmak mulya nahi hai, balki yeh astronauts ke jeevan aur unke karyon ke liye bhi atyant mahatvapurna hai. ISS ki 400 kilometer ki oonchai ka matlab hai ki astronauts hamari dharti ko ek adbhut drishya mein dekh sakte hain. Ve suryoday aur suryast ko ek alag tarike se anubhav karte hain, aur hamari dharti ke sundar drishya, jaise ki neela samudra, hare bhare mahadweep aur safed badalon ke anokhe namune ko upar se dekh sakte hain. Is oonchai se dekha gaya sansar, ek anokha aur preranadayak anubhav pradan karta hai.

Is oonchai par hone ka ek aur mahatvapurna pahlu hai shunya gurutvakarshan (microgravity) ka anubhav. Halanki ISS shunya gurutvakarshan mein nahi hai, balki vah prithvi ke gurutvakarshan ke prabhav mein hai, lekin uski tezi se parikrama ke karan, astronauts lagbhag shunya gurutvakarshan ka anubhav karte hain. Yeh unke liye aur unke dwara kiye jane wale vaigyanik prayogon ke liye anmol hai. Kai prayog, jo prithvi par gurutvakarshan ke karan sambhav nahi ho pate, vah ISS mein shunya gurutvakarshan mein safaltapoorvak kiye ja sakte hain. Yeh hamare liye nayi davaon, nai samagri aur antariksh mein jeevan ki sambhavnaon ko samajhne mein madad karta hai. Prithvi se International Space Station ki doori hamare liye ek darwaza hai, jo antariksh ke gyan aur sambhavnaon ke liye khula hai.

Astronauton ke liye suraksha bhi ek pramukh chinta ka vishay hai. ISS ki oonchai ek aise star par rakhi jati hai jahan se, yadi koi gatividhi hoti hai, to emergency mein prithvi par wapas ana sambhav ho sakta hai. Antariksh mein hone wale khatron jaise ki space debris (antariksh ka kachra) ya solar radiation se bachav ke liye bhi is oonchai ka ek nishchit mahatva hai. ISS ko ek aise surakshit parvat mein rakha gaya hai jo ise in khatron se bachane mein madad karta hai. Halanki, space debris ka khatra hamesha bana rehta hai, aur ISS ko samay-samay par apni disha badalni padti hai taki bade debris se takkar se bacha ja sake. ISS ki 400 kilometer ki oonchai ek anokha santulan hai, jo vaigyanik prayogon, astronauts ke anubhav aur suraksha ke liye avashyak hai. Yeh hamare liye antariksh ke darwaje khule rakhne ka ek prateek hai.

Prithvi Se ISS Ki Doori: Kuch Anokhe Tathya

Jab hum prithvi se International Space Station ki doori ko anko mein dekhte hain, to yeh lagbhag 400 kilometer hoti hai. Lekin, kya aap jante hain ki yeh doori, hamare liye, itni hai ki agar aap ek jet airplane mein yatra kar rahe hon, to aapko ISS tak pahunchne mein lagbhag 25 minute lagenge, agar airplane uss gati aur disha mein chal sakta jo ISS ko wahan tak pahuncha sake. Yeh batata hai ki ISS kitni tezi se parikrama kar raha hai. ISS ki tezi ka matlab hai ki ek din mein astronauts lagbhag 16 bar prithvi ka parikrama karte hain, jisse unhe 16 suryoday aur suryast dekhne ko milte hain.

Ek aur dilchasp baat yeh hai ki ISS ka vajan lagbhag 450 metric ton hai. Yeh ek bahut bada structure hai jo yahan tak ki ek bade football stadium ke barabar ho sakta hai. Issi bade vajan ke karan hi ise prithvi ke gurutvakarshan mein ek sthir parikrama mein banaye rakhna ek badi vaigyanik uplabdhi hai. Prithvi se International Space Station ki doori ka nirdharan aur uski sthirta kayam rakhna, vaigyanik aur engineering ka ek adbhut udaharan hai. ISS ka nirman kai deshon ke sahyog se hua hai, jismein America, Russia, Europe, Japan aur Canada shamil hain. Yeh ek sachcha antarrashtriya project hai jo manavta ke liye gyan aur pragati ka srot hai.

Agar hum prithvi se ISS ki doori ko ek aur tareeke se dekhen, to yeh hamari dharti ke vayumandal ki motai se kaafi upar hai. Vayumandal ka upari hissa jise thermosphere kaha jata hai, wahi par ISS parikrama karta hai. Halanki, is oonchai par bhi vayumandal ka halka sa khichav ISS ki gati ko prabhavit karta hai, jiske karan ise samay-samay par prerit karna padta hai. ISS ko prerit karne ke liye samay-samay par uchh yaan (cargo spacecraft) bhejhe jate hain jo ise fuel pahunchate hain aur saath hi uski oonchai ko bhi theek karte hain. Yeh prakriya prithvi se ISS ki doori ko ek nishchit seema mein rakhti hai, jo ki uske paryavekshan aur astronauts ki suraksha ke liye avashyak hai. ISS ek chalta-phirta vigyanik prayogshala hai jo lagatar hamare liye antariksh ke rahasyon ko khol raha hai.

Ant mein, prithvi se International Space Station ki doori ko samajhna kewal ek anko ko yaad karna nahi hai, balki yeh antariksh vigyan, gurutvakarshan ke niyam aur manav prayason ki ek adbhut kahani hai. Jab hum upar dekhte hain aur raat ke akash mein ek chamakti hui rekha dekhte hain, to yeh samajhna ananddayak hai ki vah hamare sabse nazdeeki antariksh outpost hai, jo hamari dharti se bas kuchh sau kilometer ki doori par, hamare liye gyan aur anubhav ka ek anmol khazana liye hue hai. ISS ka yahan hona, manavta ki anushandhan ki bhookh aur antariksh mein pragati karne ki iski kshamta ka ek jeevant prateek hai.