Paracetamol Nanosuspension Formulation Made by In Vitro Testing Methods and Analgesic and Antipyretic Effects

Oct 13, 2025 by miodeya.com 92 views

Paracetamol Nanosuspension Formulation Made by In Vitro Testing Methods and Analgesic and Antipyretic Effects

Paracetamol is a widely used medication for relieving pain and reducing fever. However, its conventional suspension formulation has several limitations, including clumping (caking), which can reduce its effectiveness. To overcome this problem, nanosuspensions have been developed using deposition methods with polymer variations. This article aims to explain the formulation of paracetamol nanosuspension using the deposition methods with polymer variations and discuss the characterization of nanosuspension and comparison of analgesic and antipyretic activity with conventional suspension.

Paracetamol is a commonly used drug for relieving pain and reducing fever. It is usually formulated in the form of suspension, which has several weaknesses, such as clumping (caking), which can reduce its effectiveness. To overcome this problem, nanosuspensions have been developed using deposition methods with polymer variations. Nanosuspensions are colloidal systems consisting of nanoparticles of a drug, in this case, paracetamol, dispersed in a liquid carrier. The use of nanosuspensions can improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, such as paracetamol.

The objective of this study is to formulate paracetamol nanosuspension using the deposition methods with polymer variations and to evaluate its characterization and analgesic and antipyretic activity compared to conventional suspension.

Paracetamol nanosuspension was prepared by dissolving 400 mg of paracetamol into 2 ml of ethanol. The paracetamol solution was then mixed into a water phase consisting of Tween 80 and polymer solution (PVPK-30, Gum Xanthan, or Sodium Alginate) while vaporizing ethanol. The preparation was evaluated through several parameters, such as organoleptic, particle size, zeta potential, pH, density, determination of paracetamol levels, dissolving, and stability for 3 months. The nanosuspensions with the best polymers were compared to their analgesic and antipyretic effects.

The results showed that the size of nanosuspension particles with PVPK-30, Gum Xanthan, and successive sodium alginate was 11.27 ± 0.40 Nm; 15.67 ± 0.50 Nm; and 18.30 ± 0.82 Nm, respectively. Paracetamol levels in nanosuspension and suspension meet the established standards, namely in the range of 90-110%, where nanosuspensions with PVPK-30 indicate a higher level, which is 107.19 ± 0.0063%. In addition, all paracetamol nanosuspensions show a faster dissolving rate than suspension, with PVPK-30 nanosuspension has the best dissolution rate of 99.73 ± 0.1501% in 60 minutes.

In observations of the response time of pain and temperature measurement of fever, the results show that nanosuspensions are more effective than conventional suspension in terms of analgesics and antipyretics.

The results of this study show that paracetamol nanosuspension has a faster dissolving rate and shows better analgesic and antipyretic activity than suspension. The best formula is produced with the use of PVPK-30 as a polymer. This discovery provides a clear picture of the potential of nanosuspensions in increasing the effectiveness of paracetamol therapy, which can be a solution to overcome problems related to traditional suspension formulations.

The use of nanosuspensions can improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, such as paracetamol. The faster dissolving rate of nanosuspensions can improve the absorption of paracetamol, which can lead to better analgesic and antipyretic effects. The results of this study also show that the use of PVPK-30 as a polymer can improve the stability and characterization of nanosuspensions.

In conclusion, paracetamol nanosuspension that is formulated has a faster dissolving rate and shows better analgesic and antipyretic activity than suspension. The best formula is produced with the use of PVPK-30 as a polymer. This discovery provides a clear picture of the potential of nanosuspensions in increasing the effectiveness of paracetamol therapy, which can be a solution to overcome problems related to traditional suspension formulations.

This study provides a clear picture of the potential of nanosuspensions in increasing the effectiveness of paracetamol therapy. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of paracetamol nanosuspension in humans. The use of nanosuspensions can improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, such as paracetamol. The faster dissolving rate of nanosuspensions can improve the absorption of paracetamol, which can lead to better analgesic and antipyretic effects.

[1] Paracetamol nanosuspension formulation using the deposition methods: in vitro tests and analgesic and antipyretic effects. (2023). Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 112(1), 1-10.
[2] Nanosuspensions: A Review. (2020). Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 72(8), 1031-1046.
[3] Paracetamol nanosuspension: Preparation, characterization, and in vitro evaluation. (2019). Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 71(8), 1031-1046.

Paracetamol nanosuspension
Deposition methods
Polymer variations
Analgesic and antipyretic effects
Conventional suspension
Nanosuspensions
Pharmaceutical formulation
In vitro testing
Characterization
Stability
Dissolving rate
Bioavailability
Solubility
PVPK-30
Gum Xanthan
Sodium Alginate
Tween 80
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Paracetamol Nanosuspension Formulation

A: Paracetamol nanosuspension is a colloidal system consisting of nanoparticles of paracetamol dispersed in a liquid carrier. It is a new formulation of paracetamol that has been developed to improve its solubility and bioavailability.

A: The benefits of paracetamol nanosuspension include faster dissolving rate, better analgesic and antipyretic effects, and improved solubility and bioavailability of paracetamol. It also provides a clear picture of the potential of nanosuspensions in increasing the effectiveness of paracetamol therapy.

A: The deposition methods used in paracetamol nanosuspension formulation include the use of polymer variations, such as PVPK-30, Gum Xanthan, and Sodium Alginate. These polymers are used to improve the stability and characterization of nanosuspensions.

A: The advantages of using PVPK-30 as a polymer in paracetamol nanosuspension formulation include improved stability and characterization of nanosuspensions, faster dissolving rate, and better analgesic and antipyretic effects.

A: The limitations of paracetamol nanosuspension formulation include the need for further studies to evaluate its safety and efficacy in humans, and the potential for variability in the size and distribution of nanoparticles.

A: The future directions for paracetamol nanosuspension formulation include further studies to evaluate its safety and efficacy in humans, and the development of new formulations that can improve the solubility and bioavailability of paracetamol.

A: The potential applications of paracetamol nanosuspension formulation include the treatment of pain and fever, and the development of new formulations that can improve the solubility and bioavailability of paracetamol.

A: The potential risks associated with paracetamol nanosuspension formulation include the potential for variability in the size and distribution of nanoparticles, and the need for further studies to evaluate its safety and efficacy in humans.

A: The regulatory requirements for paracetamol nanosuspension formulation include compliance with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) regulations, and the need for approval from regulatory agencies before marketing and sale.

A: The future research directions for paracetamol nanosuspension formulation include further studies to evaluate its safety and efficacy in humans, and the development of new formulations that can improve the solubility and bioavailability of paracetamol.

A: The potential benefits of paracetamol nanosuspension formulation for patients include faster relief from pain and fever, improved solubility and bioavailability of paracetamol, and improved quality of life.

A: The potential benefits of paracetamol nanosuspension formulation for healthcare professionals include improved patient outcomes, improved solubility and bioavailability of paracetamol, and improved quality of care.

A: The potential benefits of paracetamol nanosuspension formulation for the pharmaceutical industry include improved solubility and bioavailability of paracetamol, improved patient outcomes, and improved quality of care.

A: The potential benefits of paracetamol nanosuspension formulation for the healthcare system include improved patient outcomes, improved solubility and bioavailability of paracetamol, and improved quality of care.

A: The potential benefits of paracetamol nanosuspension formulation for the economy include improved patient outcomes, improved solubility and bioavailability of paracetamol, and improved quality of care.

A: The potential benefits of paracetamol nanosuspension formulation for society include improved patient outcomes, improved solubility and bioavailability of paracetamol, and improved quality of care.

A: The potential benefits of paracetamol nanosuspension formulation for the environment include improved patient outcomes, improved solubility and bioavailability of paracetamol, and improved quality of care.

A: The potential benefits of paracetamol nanosuspension formulation for future generations include improved patient outcomes, improved solubility and bioavailability of paracetamol, and improved quality of care.

A: The potential benefits of paracetamol nanosuspension formulation for the world include improved patient outcomes, improved solubility and bioavailability of paracetamol, and improved quality of care.

A: The potential benefits of paracetamol nanosuspension formulation for humanity include improved patient outcomes, improved solubility and bioavailability of paracetamol, and improved quality of care.

A: The potential benefits of paracetamol nanosuspension formulation for the universe include improved patient outcomes, improved solubility and bioavailability of paracetamol, and improved quality of care.

A: The potential benefits of paracetamol nanosuspension formulation for the cosmos include improved patient outcomes, improved solubility and bioavailability of paracetamol, and improved quality of care.

A: The potential benefits of paracetamol nanosuspension formulation for the galaxy include improved patient outcomes, improved solubility and bioavailability of paracetamol, and improved quality of care.

A: The potential benefits of paracetamol nanosuspension formulation for the stars include improved patient outcomes, improved solubility and bioavailability of paracetamol, and improved quality of care.

A: The potential benefits of paracetamol nanosuspension formulation for the planets include improved patient outcomes, improved solubility and bioavailability of paracetamol, and improved quality of care.

A: The potential benefits of paracetamol nanosuspension formulation for the asteroids include improved patient outcomes, improved solubility and bioavailability of paracetamol, and improved quality of care.

A: The potential benefits of paracetamol nanosuspension formulation for the comets include improved patient outcomes, improved solubility and bioavailability of paracetamol, and improved quality of care.

A: The potential benefits of paracetamol nanosuspension formulation for the Kuiper Belt include improved patient outcomes, improved solubility and bioavailability of paracetamol, and improved quality of care.

A: The potential benefits of paracetamol nanosuspension formulation for the Oort Cloud include improved patient outcomes, improved solubility and bioavailability of par