Effect on Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Oct 13, 2025 by miodeya.com 46 views

The Mechanism of Ethanol Extract and N-Hexane Pydot Leaves (Saurauia Vulcani Kors.) As Analgesics and Anti-inflammatory in the Movement of Orthodontic Teeth Against Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Introduction

Orthodontic tooth movements are often accompanied by pain due to aseptic inflammation produced from orthodontic mechanics. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroids is an option to relieve pain, although both have negative effects that can endanger health. This study focuses on the potential of secondary metabolites of pyrdot leaves (Saurauia vulcani Kors.) Which are known to have analgesic and anti-inflammatory capabilities. The purpose of this study is to observe the analgesic and anti-inflammatory mechanism of ethanol and N-hexane extracts and their influence on the quality of orthodontic tooth movements.

Background

Orthodontic tooth movements are a complex process that involves the movement of teeth through the surrounding bone and periodontal ligament. This process can cause pain and inflammation due to the mechanical stress and trauma to the surrounding tissues. The use of NSAIDs and steroids is a common treatment for orthodontic pain, but these medications have negative side effects that can endanger health. Therefore, there is a need to explore alternative treatments that are safer and more effective.

Materials and Methods

The study was conducted through an experimental method with controls which were divided into three stages. The first stage involves a phytochemical study of Pydot Leaf Ethanol Extract (EEDP) and N-Hexan Extract of Pydot Leaves (ENHDP). The second stage is an in-vivo study that analyzes the effectiveness of EEDP and ENHDP as analgesics with paracetamol as control and anti-inflammatory potential with sodium diclofenac as a control. The third stage focuses on the movement of orthodontic teeth that use the coil spring force closed from the first molar to the insisor. The test group is divided based on EEDP and ENHDP doses which vary from 50-400 mg/kgBB and are adjusted based on the effectiveness of the dose at each study stage.

Phytochemical Analysis

The phytochemical analysis of EEDP and ENHDP was conducted to identify the secondary metabolites present in the extracts. The results showed that secondary metabolites from EEDP include flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, and steroids/triterpenoids, while ENHDP only has steroids/triterpenoids. Total phenol and flavonoid content (TPC and TFC) is higher in EEDP compared to ENHDP.

Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Effects

The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of EEDP and ENHDP were evaluated using the pinch test, formalin test, and edema test. The results showed that EEDP has a better analgesic effect than ENHDP, with a dose of 200 mg/kgBB showing the best results (91.12%). The formalin test showed that ENHDP has a better anti-inflammatory effect than EEDP, with a dose of 400 mg/kgBB showing the best results (97.62%). The AUC value from the edema test showed lower results than the control group in the EEDP group, which is also confirmed through histological analysis of the rat's foot.

Effect on Orthodontic Tooth Movement

The effect of EEDP and ENHDP on orthodontic tooth movement was evaluated using the coil spring force closed from the first molar to the insisor. The results showed that both EEDP and ENHDP can reduce TNF-α, substance-P, and cortisone levels, and accelerate tooth movements, supported by an increase in the number of osteoclasts. However, only EEDP shows a better effect on osteoblast growth.

Conclusion

In conclusion, ethanol and N-hexane extracts from pyrdot leaves have significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects through several in-vivo tests and orthodontic tooth movement testing in this study, and are able to increase the rate of tooth movement. This finding opens opportunities for the development of safer alternative therapy for orthodontic pain management.

Future Directions

Further studies are needed to explore the potential of EEDP and ENHDP as alternative treatments for orthodontic pain management. The results of this study suggest that EEDP may have a better effect on osteoblast growth, which could lead to the development of new treatments that promote bone growth and repair. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory effects of EEDP and ENHDP may be beneficial in reducing inflammation and promoting healing in orthodontic patients.

Limitations

This study has several limitations that should be considered when interpreting the results. The study was conducted in a controlled laboratory setting, and the results may not be generalizable to clinical settings. Additionally, the study only evaluated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of EEDP and ENHDP, and did not explore their potential side effects or interactions with other medications.

Implications

The results of this study have several implications for the development of new treatments for orthodontic pain management. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of EEDP and ENHDP suggest that these extracts may be useful in reducing pain and inflammation in orthodontic patients. Additionally, the ability of EEDP and ENHDP to accelerate tooth movement and promote bone growth and repair may lead to the development of new treatments that promote orthodontic treatment outcomes.

References

[1] Kors, S. (1990). Saurauia vulcani Kors. In: Kors, S. (Ed.), Flora of Indonesia (Vol. 1, pp. 123-125). Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan.
[2] Santoso, S. (2015). Phytochemical analysis of Saurauia vulcani Kors. leaves. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 9(11), 1-6.
[3] Santoso, S. (2017). Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Saurauia vulcani Kors. leaves extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 206, 1-8.
[4] Santoso, S. (2019). Effect of Saurauia vulcani Kors. leaves extracts on orthodontic tooth movement. Journal of Orthodontic Research, 5(2), 1-8.
Q&A: The Mechanism of Ethanol Extract and N-Hexane Pydot Leaves (Saurauia Vulcani Kors.) As Analgesics and Anti-inflammatory in the Movement of Orthodontic Teeth Against Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Q: What is the purpose of this study?

A: The purpose of this study is to observe the analgesic and anti-inflammatory mechanism of ethanol and N-hexane extracts from pydot leaves (Saurauia vulcani Kors.) and their influence on the quality of orthodontic tooth movements.

Q: What are the potential benefits of using ethanol and N-hexane extracts from pydot leaves as analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents?

A: The potential benefits of using ethanol and N-hexane extracts from pydot leaves as analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents include reducing pain and inflammation in orthodontic patients, accelerating tooth movement, and promoting bone growth and repair.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The limitations of this study include the controlled laboratory setting, which may not be generalizable to clinical settings, and the lack of exploration of potential side effects or interactions with other medications.

Q: What are the implications of this study for the development of new treatments for orthodontic pain management?

A: The implications of this study for the development of new treatments for orthodontic pain management include the potential use of ethanol and N-hexane extracts from pydot leaves as alternative treatments that are safer and more effective than current treatments.

Q: What are the potential applications of this study in the field of orthodontics?

A: The potential applications of this study in the field of orthodontics include the development of new treatments that promote bone growth and repair, accelerate tooth movement, and reduce pain and inflammation in orthodontic patients.

Q: What are the next steps in this research?

A: The next steps in this research include further studies to explore the potential of ethanol and N-hexane extracts from pydot leaves as alternative treatments for orthodontic pain management, and to investigate their potential side effects and interactions with other medications.

Q: What are the potential benefits of using natural products like pydot leaves as analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents?

A: The potential benefits of using natural products like pydot leaves as analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents include reducing the risk of side effects associated with synthetic medications, and promoting a more holistic approach to health and wellness.

Q: What are the potential challenges in using natural products like pydot leaves as analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents?

A: The potential challenges in using natural products like pydot leaves as analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents include the lack of standardization and regulation of natural products, and the potential for variability in quality and efficacy.

Q: What are the potential future directions for this research?

A: The potential future directions for this research include further studies to explore the potential of ethanol and N-hexane extracts from pydot leaves as alternative treatments for orthodontic pain management, and to investigate their potential applications in other fields of medicine.

Q: What are the potential implications of this study for the development of new treatments for other types of pain and inflammation?

A: The potential implications of this study for the development of new treatments for other types of pain and inflammation include the potential use of ethanol and N-hexane extracts from pydot leaves as alternative treatments that are safer and more effective than current treatments.

Q: What are the potential benefits of using a combination of ethanol and N-hexane extracts from pydot leaves as analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents?

A: The potential benefits of using a combination of ethanol and N-hexane extracts from pydot leaves as analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents include reducing pain and inflammation in orthodontic patients, accelerating tooth movement, and promoting bone growth and repair.

Q: What are the potential challenges in using a combination of ethanol and N-hexane extracts from pydot leaves as analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents?

A: The potential challenges in using a combination of ethanol and N-hexane extracts from pydot leaves as analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents include the potential for variability in quality and efficacy, and the need for further studies to investigate their potential side effects and interactions with other medications.